BONE GRAFTING

A bone graft may be indicated when the alveolar bone surrounding a tooth root is compromised or lost. Bone grafting entails the placement of new bone material, which may be autogenous (harvested from the patient), allogenic (donor-derived), or synthetic. The primary objective of bone grafting is to stabilize the tooth and promote the regeneration of supporting bone structures.

Guided Tissue Regeneration

Guided tissue regeneration involves the insertion of a biocompatible, mesh-like barrier between bone and gum tissue by a dental surgeon. This membrane prevents soft tissue encroachment into areas designated for bone regeneration, thereby facilitating the regrowth of both osseous and connective tissues.

Tissue Grafting

The approach to surgical tissue grafting depends on multiple clinical factors, including the condition of the gingiva. Recession of the gum line, resulting from loss of gum tissue, often necessitates soft tissue grafting to mitigate further damage. During this procedure, tissue is typically harvested from the palate and transplanted to the affected site. This intervention not only protects against additional recession but also covers exposed tooth roots.

Preparation for Gum Surgery

Prior to any periodontal surgery, patients undergo a comprehensive pre-operative assessment to confirm suitability for the procedure. This evaluation generally includes:

• Review of medical history and risk-benefit analysis.
• Examination of teeth, oral cavity, and jaw stability.
• Screening for infections, abscesses, or lesions that may hinder postoperative recovery.
• Discussion of procedural risks and benefits, followed by obtaining informed consent.

Intraoperative Procedures

Specific intraoperative protocols vary by procedure type. Most periodontal surgeries are completed within approximately two hours. Depending on individual needs, anesthesia may range from local to general sedation. Local anesthetic administration is typically associated with minor discomfort. Throughout the procedure, strict aseptic technique is maintained to minimize infection risk. After creating precise incisions along the gum line, the surgeon reflects the gingiva to access the tooth roots for debridement of plaque, calculus, or infection. Additional interventions such as bone regeneration or contouring may be performed as necessary. Upon completion, the gingival tissue is secured using fine sutures, which are generally removed seven to ten days postoperatively.

Postoperative Recovery

Patients receive detailed postoperative care instructions tailored to their specific procedure and health profile. Analgesic medications are commonly prescribed to manage discomfort during initial recovery. Pre-discharge, the dental team will review any medication regimens.

Additional Recommendations:

• Use of an antiseptic mouth rinse to prevent infection.
• Avoidance of vigorous physical activity.
• Adherence to a diet of soft foods for several days post-surgery.
• Abstention from tobacco use.

A follow-up appointment is typically scheduled within one to two weeks to monitor healing progress and, if applicable, remove sutures. Patients can expect changes in gingival appearance and texture as healing progresses; increased tooth sensitivity may occur but is often alleviated with desensitizing toothpaste. Ongoing follow-up is advised to support optimal long-term oral health.